• Likewise the conserved cysteine in the E protein is

  2020-11-16

  

  Likewise, the conserved cysteine in the E2 protein is the only residue shown to be essential for the transfer of Ub/Ubl from E2 to the HECT ligases (Dye and Schulman, 2007, Wu et al., 2003). However, all other terminal Ub/Ubl transfer reactions involving E2 enzymes suggest a critical role for the ta

• E protein was studied using specific anti

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  E1 protein was studied using specific anti-E1 mtor pathway in wild type cells and in transfected cells overexpressing the enzyme. The results revealed several unusual characteristics, which are unique to this ubiquitin-activating enzyme. The E1 was translated as a full-length protein and then quickl

• br Acknowledgements The authors are supported by

  2020-11-16

  

  Acknowledgements The authors are supported by National Institutes of Health grants (CA162804, CA92584, and CA13499 to DJC and CA166677 to BPPC) and Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP110465 to DJC). The cellular response to DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation is an essent

• The present study was set to characterise the DNMT

  2020-11-16

  

  The present study was set to characterise the DNMT gene orthologs and describe the expression patterns of these genes during seed development in natural diploid apomict B. divaricarpa and diploid sexual B. stricta. Material and methods Results The B. stricta genome v1.2, was sequenced and ass

• Since the initial identification of DNA ligase inhibitors

  2020-11-16

  

  Since the initial identification of DNA ligase inhibitors by a structure-based approach [[18], [26]], there have been several reports describing LigI inhibitors using computer modelling and derivatives of the original DNA ligase inhibitors [[49], [50], [51]]. While these studies have shown that the

• In contrast DAG phosphorylation to PA by

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  In contrast, DAG phosphorylation to PA by diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) represents a quantitatively minor metabolic pathway, but is generally regarded as a main disposal pathway for “signaling” DAG. PA produced by DGKs is an intermediate of the synthesis of CDP-DAG, cardiolipin and PI. However, PA i

• br Experimental All starting materials

  2020-11-16

  

  Experimental All starting materials and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck and Loba Chemie. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on silica gel G60 F254 (Merck) plates and eluted with the mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate (70:30%v/v). Melting points were recorded on aut

• br Materials and Methods br

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  Materials and Methods Results Discussion Even though T cell checkpoint inhibitors alone have achieved impressive clinical benefit in some cancers, their application as single agents has had limited efficacy (Hamid et al., 2013; Wolchok et al., 2013). The resistance to immunotherapy is in pa

• We note that there are slight qualitative differences

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  We note that there are slight qualitative differences among the similar time-optimal protocols. We attribute this to the challenging nature of our PDE and ODE state constrained optimization problem. While our optimization algorithm was able to converge to local optima in each case, it is likely that

• Unlike previous studies examining COMT genotyping in healthy

  2020-11-16

  

  Unlike previous studies examining COMT genotyping in healthy controls seeking to explain impulsive behaviors, this study sought to examine COMT genotypes in a large sample of individuals with varying levels of gambling behavior to determine whether COMT AP1903 was associated with differences in gam

• Although intact Chk is distributed

  2020-11-16

  

  Although intact Chk is distributed throughout the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Fig. 1), the deletion of the SH2 domain greatly augments nuclear localization of Chk. The SH2 domain-deleted mutants might lose the ability to localize to the exterior of the nucleus due to a lack of the binding to a hypoth

• br Estrogen receptors activate mGluR signaling pathways

  2020-11-14

  

  Estrogen receptors activate mGluR signaling pathways In order to distinguish the opposing effects of estradiol on CREB phosphorylation, we turned to a “bottom-up” approach, working backwards from CREB phosphorylation to pharmacologically isolate the two signaling pathways (Boulware et al., 2005).

• Astrocytes play a key role in the brain as

  2020-11-14

  

  Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction L Rhamnosidases EC

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  Acknowledgements Introduction α-L-Rhamnosidases (EC 3.2.1.40) are glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that cleave terminal α-l-rhamnose from a large number of natural products [1]. The action of α-L-rhamnosidases (α-RHAs) has been reported, among others, on different complex substrates such as heteropol

• Apoptosis type I programmed cell

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  Apoptosis, type I programmed cell death, is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis [[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]] and hepatocellular carcinoma [11,12]. Apoptosis is activated by a variety of extrinsic or intrinsic pathways factors. Prev

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