• Cantharidin is a natural element extracted from blister

  2020-12-14

  

  Cantharidin is a natural element extracted from blister beetles, and has been proven to be effective in cancer [16]. NCTD, the demethylated analog of cantharidin, has been synthesized and been shown to have an equal anti-cancer effect with fewer side effects than cantharidin [39]. It was confirmed t

• CM AVM and VOGM are thought to

  2020-12-14

  

  CM-AVM and VOGM are thought to be two distinct disorders, with CM-AVM characterized by atypical CMs, with or without AVM in variable body parts, while VOGM is a type of cerebral AVM [16]. The fact that VOGM is infrequently reported as the AVM in CM-AVM patients, and CMs are quite often identified in

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2020-12-14

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• Another enzyme class that has emerged as

  2020-12-14

  

  Another enzyme class that has emerged as a potential alternative to P450s are the so-called ‘unspecific peroxygenases’ (UPOs). They also contain a heme but are extracellularly expressed fungal enzymes that are often more stable than P450 monooxygenases. Importantly, UPOs use H2O2 instead of O2 as th

• Recoverin is a kDa retinal protein that binds to calcium

  2020-12-12

  

  Recoverin is a 23-kDa retinal protein that binds to calcium. It regulates the EZ Cap Reagent AG of rhodopsin during visual transduction within photoreceptor cells. Since the pathogenicity of anti-recoverin antibody is potent, anti-recoverin CAR patients often have progressive visual impairments, ch

• Gupta et al have shown that a

  2020-12-12

  

  Gupta et al have shown that a genetic variant associated with the 5 vascular diseases (coronary artery disease, migraine, carotid artery dissection, fibro-muscular dysplasia, and hypertension) is a distal regulator of the ET-1 gene [30]. They found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located

• Although many of the hepatic responses observed on the

  2020-12-12

  

  Although many of the hepatic responses observed on the first day of recovery attenuated over the course of the recovery period, minimal-to-mild centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy tended to persist. Mean absolute and relative liver weights had returned to control levels after 28 days of recover

• EBI and its ligand s EBI was

  2020-12-12

  

  EBI2 and its ligand(s) EBI2 was found in a screen of upregulated genes in human B cells upon infection with EBV [1]. EBI2 is a G-protein (Gαi type) coupled receptor [2] but as long as 18 years after its discovery the nature of its ligand remained undisclosed. With the help of transfected cell lines

• Similarly in the EAE model Chalmin et al previously demonstr

  2020-12-12

  

  Similarly in the EAE model, Chalmin et al. previously demonstrated that EBI2 and CH25H might be responsible for the efficient egress of differentiated Th17 cells from the draining lymph nodes [31]. As discussed above, in active EAE we did not find differences in EAE development and only the transfer

• An important role for the precursor

  2020-12-12

  

  An important role for the precursor molecule of the main EBI2 ligand, 25-OHC, in the inhibition of inflammation was recently shown. 25-OHC was demonstrated to inhibit inflammasome induction in mouse macrophages [28]. Inflammasome assemblies are the sites of caspase 1 activation and lead to the gener

• It has only recently been appreciated that antigen activated

  2020-12-12

  

  It has only recently been appreciated that antigen-activated Pepstatin A undertake two additional transient migrations during the early stages of T-dependent antibody responses. In the first of these, antigen-activated B cells migrate rapidly (within 2–3h) to the outer regions of the follicle befor

• As an endogenous negative modulator

  2020-12-12

  

  As an endogenous negative modulator, CRBN inhibits AMPK’s activation (phosphorylation of Thr172) by directly binding to the α-subunit of AMPK, disrupting γ-subunit recruitment to the AMPK complex (Lee et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2013). In our study, we did not focus on AMPK activation, since only a si

• br The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination

  2020-12-12

  

  The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process that involves the addition of an ubiquitin protein to a substrate that usually becomes inactivated followed by degradation in the proteasome; however, several other functions have also been described. For the discovery of

• The lack of effective strategies aiming to directly increase

  2020-12-12

  

  The lack of effective strategies, aiming to directly increase the neuronal survival, is reflected by the fact that the only available therapeutic interventions are indirect. They consist of acute therapeutic interventions involving chemical and/or surgical removal of the thrombotic clot (Taqi et al.

• It is of interest to consider an explanation for the

  2020-12-12

  

  It is of interest to consider an explanation for the apparent phosphorylation of hSSB1 in undamaged cells. One such may be that in order to execute a rapid response to replication inhibition, basal S134 phosphorylation could function to keep hSSB1 in a ‘primed’ state prior to stress. Such an arrange

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