• br Discussion Regulation of redox homeostasis is critical

  2021-09-10

  

  Discussion Regulation of redox homeostasis is critical in the maintenance of normal cell functions, and both glutathione S-transferase and peroxiredoxin enzymes are important contributors to this process. There are numerous reports of aberrant expression patterns of GSTP linked with cancer and wi

• Despite the rapid development of synthetic ligands

  2021-09-10

  

  Despite the rapid development of synthetic ligands, the endogenous ligands of GPR109A, GPR109B and GPR81 remained elusive until recently. This is probably the result of their relatively low potencies and their metabolite character (Table 1). Traditionally, agonists of GPCRs were believed to belong t

• Both GPR A and GPR

  2021-09-10

  

  Both GPR109A and GPR81 are located on chromosome 12q24 [3] and mediate anti-lipolytic effects through coupling to Gi-type G proteins [17]. It is important to note that with the recent deorphanization of these receptors, there has been a recommendation to the International Union of Basic and Clinical

• Because HIV does not infect neurons the neurotoxicity

  2021-09-10

  

  Because HIV does not infect neurons, the neurotoxicity in HAND is thought to result from the neuroinflammation evoked by the release of viral proteins and cytokines from infected microglia and macrophages (Ellis et al., 2007; Saylor et al., 2016). Viral tropism is determined by gp120 binding to CD4

• In the liver ghrelin has opposite effects to insulin on

  2021-09-09

  

  In the liver, ghrelin has opposite effects to insulin on the expression of the enzyme PEPCK, thereby promoting gluconeogenesis and also causing a decrease in glucose uptake and fatty JQ1 oxidation (Rigault et al., 2007). Ghrelin also stimulates hepatic lipogenesis de novo in a GH-independent fashion

• br Secretase in inflammatory diseases Secretase appears to p

  2021-09-09

  

  γ-Secretase in inflammatory diseases γ-Secretase appears to play a more important role than previously recognized in inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that mice partially deficient in PS genes (PS1+/− PS2−/−) develop an immune system deficit in late adulthood, such as ulcerated skin or a

• br Introduction Alzheimer s disease

  2021-09-09

  

  Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects ca. 46 million people worldwide [1] and it is expected that the number will double or triple by 2030 or 2050, respectively, while no significant progress has been made in research for early diagnosis and new efficient therapies. Currently available me

• br Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was

  2021-09-09

  

  Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was funded by European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 222719 – LIFECYCLE and by the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal (FCT), through projects PTDC/MAR-BIO/3890/2012 and PEst-C/

• rsv virus For functional metagenomics based gene screening t

  2021-09-09

  

  For functional metagenomics-based gene screening, the DNA library construction approach is widely used . Fosmid and cosmid libraries are usually used to explore novel genes. Lee et al. reported that a halotolerant and protease-resistant α-galactosidase was identified from the gut metagenome of , a

• br Materials and methods br Chemical synthesis br Declaratio

  2021-09-09

  

  Materials and methods Chemical synthesis Declaration of interest Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute for General Medicine to K.W.M. (GM 58448) and by the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospi

• Enalapril Maleate Fatty acids are also known to

  2021-09-09

  

  Fatty acids are also known to activate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). LCFAs activate the GPCRs for free fatty Enalapril Maleate (FFA)1 and FFA4 (Briscoe et al., 2003; Hirasawa et al., 2005), whereas SCFAs activate FFA2 and FFA3 receptors, which are expressed in bovine neutrophils (Alarcon et a

• br Molecular mechanisms and pathways for ferroptosis regulat

  2021-09-09

  

  Molecular mechanisms and pathways for ferroptosis regulation As to the regulation of lipid peroxidation, iron and related ROS metabolism involved in ferroptosis, many molecular mechanisms and pathways have been presented. It is generally believed that cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc−, GPX4

• The product chain length determination mechanism

  2021-09-09

  

  The product chain-length determination mechanism of -prenyltransferases has not yet been elucidated, although mutational analyses of highly conserved residues and of characteristic amino 4-HQN residues in each subfamily of -prenyltransferases have enabled the understanding of the basic catalytic me

• Although angiogenesis is crucial for cerebral ischemic rehab

  2021-09-09

  

  Although angiogenesis is crucial for cerebral ischemic rehabilitation, the mechanism underlying NGF promotion of angiogenesis is not clear. Previous studies showed that angiogenesis can be promoted by FAK, in a breast cancer model [19]. Recent studies showed that FAK phosphorylation participated in

• STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank C Hong R

  2021-09-09

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank C. Hong, R. Huang, and Z. Yu at the HHMI Janelia cryo-EM facility for help with microscope operation and data collection. We thank A. Müller, W. Kan, and W. Weis for help with the SEC-MALS analysis and M. Elazar and J. Glenn for the use of equipment. P. Love

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